Q.
a) Explain the types of clay bricks and describe their characteristics and usage. (10 marks)
b) Using diagrams, explain the types of bond that is suitable for the following uses:
i. Partitions (5 marks)
ii. Retaining walls (5 marks)
iii. Arches and lintels (5 marks)
(25 marks, 2017 Q4)
A.
a) Types of clay bricks
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There are generally three types of bricks - clay, fly ash and concrete. Clay bricks can be further subdivided into general clay bricks and fire proof clay bricks. The fire proof clay bricks are called firebricks. The firebricks are further divided into Heavy Dense Fire Clay Bricks and Insulating Fire Bricks.
- Common Burnt Clay Bricks
- Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
- Engineering Bricks
- Concrete Bricks
- Fly ash Clay Bricks
Go to 2012 Q5 to read further.
Ref:
Earlier post.
b) Types of bond
See concise reading from here - The Constructor.
Similar question was asked in
2013 Q2b
i. Partitions
Running Bond, Stretching Bond
ii. Retaining walls
English Bond, Flemish Bond
iii. Arches and lintels
Soldier Bond, but reinforced with steel or concrete as backbones.
See a simplified diagram from i-brick here.
Below are pictures which illustrates the soldier bond being used in lintels and arches.
Picture above illustrates the various types of layout for bricks and the soldier orientation is the last drawing.
The terms used for different facing of a brick is further explained below:
Below are examples of how bricks are arranged in the soldier bond manner for lintel and arch.
As you can see, the way bricks are laid on top of the opening is parallel to each other, and on their soldier side. Hence, it is called "Soldier Bond".
However, this arrangement of "soldier" bonding is not interlocking. Hence, some form of backbone is required for the arch or lintel. See below pictures for illustration.
Ref:
http://www.i-brick.com/brickwork-bonds/
Various images from Google search in public domain.